What mitigation means
Mitigation is everything done to stop damage from getting worse after a disaster: stopping water, tarping roofs, boarding windows, removing wet materials, drying the structure and securing the property. Insurance policies generally expect homeowners to take reasonable steps to prevent further damage after a loss, and mitigation work is usually the first thing an insurer pays for in a covered claim. Rebuilding comes later.
After a flood
Floodwater from rivers, streets and storms is treated as black water because it can carry sewage, chemicals and debris.
- Don't go back in until authorities say it's safe. Floodwater can hide hazards, and buildings may be structurally damaged.
- Don't switch on power until an electrician has checked the system.
- Wear protective gear when entering: boots, gloves, eye protection and a respirator if mold or sewage is present.
- Photograph everything before cleanup begins.
- Remove water and wet porous materials quickly. Carpet, pad, drywall, insulation and upholstered furniture touched by floodwater usually need to go.
- Dry the structure thoroughly and check for mold before rebuilding.
Standard homeowners policies typically don't cover flood damage from rising water; flood coverage usually comes from a separate flood insurance policy. Check your policies before you need them.
After storms
Wind, hail and falling trees can open roofs, walls and windows. Temporary repairs keep weather out until permanent repairs are made: tarping damaged roof areas, boarding broken windows and doors, and covering openings in walls. These must be done well; a tarp that blows loose in the next storm adds damage.
After a fire
Fire damage almost always comes with water damage from firefighting. Mitigation after a fire includes securing the building, removing water, drying, and beginning soot and smoke odor removal. Many restoration companies handle both.
Working with insurance
- Report the loss promptly and ask what your policy covers.
- Keep receipts for emergency work, hotel stays and supplies.
- Ask the restoration contractor for photos, moisture logs and a detailed scope.
- Don't throw away damaged items until the adjuster has seen them or you have documented them thoroughly, unless they're a health hazard.
- Read any contract before signing. Some restoration contracts include an assignment of benefits that lets the contractor deal with your insurer directly; make sure you understand what you're agreeing to.
Preparing for the next event
- Know where your main water shutoff and electrical panel are, and keep the path to them clear.
- Keep important documents in a waterproof container or stored digitally.
- Keep valuables off basement floors.
- Test sump pumps and backup batteries before storm season.
- Review your insurance, including flood coverage.
- Make a list of local contacts: plumber, electrician, restoration contractor and your insurance agent.
Questions to ask
- What will you do today to prevent further damage?
- Is your work mitigation only, or do you also rebuild?
- How do you document the job for insurance?
- What are you asking me to sign, and what does it allow you to do?
Health and safety during cleanup
Flood and sewage cleanup exposes people to bacteria, mold and sharp debris. Wear boots, gloves and eye protection, and use a properly fitted respirator if mold or sewage is present. Keep children, pregnant people, older adults and anyone with breathing problems away from the work area. Wash hands thoroughly and clean any cuts right away.